Tags
accident, accusation, accused, advice, association, attorney, best, blog, build, charged, chat room, death, deceased, defense, die, dying, episode, find, firm, forum, group, guilty, how to, incident, information, innocent, knowledge, law, legal, locate, medical, medicine, occurence, paralegal, plead, power, science, shaken baby syndrome, statistics, support, the innocence project, the paralegal society, tonya sadowsky, top, truth, wrongfully, wrongly
By: Tonya Sadowsky (Guest Blogger)
We have all seen headlines like these: “Father Arrested for Assaulting Newborn” or “Young Mother in Custody for Abusing Her Child, Claims Baby Fell – Doctors Don’t Believe Her.” Now imagine it was your world that just got one person smaller-your precious child just died. That fog in which you are wrapped is only masking an unfortunate reality all too true. Horrible, isn’t it? Now imagine that scenario with the added caveat of being accused of murdering your beloved tiny clone. Maybe your spouse was the one accused. Or even your babysitter or daycare provider, the one your baby responded to better than to his in-laws, which secretly made you proud because you thought she was an amazing sitter – until you thought she killed him. We all remember the reviled au pair [nanny] Louise Woodward from her case televised in the ‘90s. This scenariocould be happening to as many as three to four babies per day if we believe the CDC’s estimates. [1]
Regardless of the statistics, there are many who feel this is an overly-used diagnosis that too often overlooks any other possible causes for a child’s injury or death. From Time Magazine to The New York Times and NPR, media is becoming more aware of the controversial facets of this diagnosis. [2, 3, 4] Dr. Norman Guthkelch, credited with founding the syndrome, is now advising caution before choosing this diagnosis. [5] I am now one of those people, too. My daughter died in 2007, four months and three weeks after she was born. Due to a medical condition, her father dropped her, causing her to land on her head. She succumbed to her injuries after a few hours despite being given access to immediate medical attention.
There are dozens of potential reasons for my daughter’s injuries, but there was one repeatedly thought to be impossible: the truth. Because we gave that one unfortunate “story” rejected as completely unbelievable, we were immediately judged and convicted as liars covering up abuse. It has taken years, but research is advancing. Short falls are being proven to potentially cause multiple skull fractures, let alone single skull fractures in infants. One week after conviction, ABC affiliates broke their investigations of Bumbo seats, leading to its subsequent recall. Fourteen babies fell backward out of their seats resulting in skull fractures. The recall only lasted long enough to issuea warning sticker advising users not to place the seats on elevated surfaces. Seven years later two more babies suffered skull fractures even though their seats had been placed on the floor! [6]
Scientists are also studying brain injuries more than ever before. Those most helpful are from NFL players who received repeated concussions. This type of injury is currently under scrutiny because of the recent realization that helmets are only protecting the skull from fractures, but not the brain from traumatic injury. [7]
I began doing research on my own, paving the way to becoming a paralegal (initiation by fire). Although I believed whole heartedly in Shaken Baby Syndrome, at some point what I was being told had happened simply didn’t make sense. I wanted answers. I wanted to know the truth. So imagine my surprise when I stumbled upon an article claiming Shaken Baby Syndrome is an “unsettled science.” [8] Could it be possible that the homicide alleged to be the reason behind my daughter’s death might have been misdiagnosed?
I continued researching, not yet satisfied. I spoke to the emergency department pediatrician who told me that my daughter’s head injury was “normal” after ahead trauma and that there was no significance to the timing; it could have happened anytime within two hours to two days after a head trauma. What I then wanted to know was what qualifies as a head trauma if not falling five feet out of your father’s arms? I got the autopsy report and forced myself to look at the pictures. My daughter’s birthmark was described as “a bruise up to three days old.” Convenient, since there really wasn’t any other evident bruising other than the impact location. If the medical examiner could mistake a birthmark for a bruise, what else could she have gotten wrong?
It was then that I started looking at purported cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome in the news, throughout the U.S. and Canada. What I discovered is that the diagnosis is made with completely different injuries each time. It begs the question: what injuries are necessary for a diagnosis if these change from case to case? What becomes the standard for a diagnosis of this form of abuse? Doctors are not in agreement if the news stories are any indication. Any disorder or disease has specific indicators for diagnosis except apparently this one. Instead of finding a symptom and testing for its cause; this diagnosis is simply made after finding certain injuries present. No testing required.
Furthermore, once this diagnosis is reached and authorities are notified, the doctor has no legal requirement to perform further testing. This diagnosis tells police who did it (last person with the infant), why they did it (snapped because baby is crying) and how they did it (vigorous shaking episodes). This diagnosis over-extends the doctor’s field of expertise. Then the American Association of Pediatrics recommended changing the name to Abusive Head Trauma in 2009. [9] In other words, now this means no one knows how the abuse happened (unless you get a confession), only that the doctors are sure it’s abuse because those injuries are present.
Dr. Ronald Uscinski’s came to this conclusion in his paper The Shaken Baby Syndrome: “With regard to treatment of cranio-cerebral trauma, the differentiation between accidental and inflicted injury is of limited practical importance: injuries are injuries. For social purposes, however, the distinction is critical. While the desire to protect children is laudable, it must be balanced against the effects of seriously harming those who are accused of child abuse solely on the basis of what is, at best, unsettled science.” [8]
As paralegals, we know winning an appeal is difficult. The Innocence Project has helped hundreds of convicted murderers and rapists find freedom based on exonerating DNA evidence. Surprisingly, quite a few of those exonerated had initially plead guilty. The Innocence Project is now turning its head toward convictions of Shaken Baby Syndrome. In Wisconsin, in 2008, a woman named Audrey Edmunds won an appeal. She had owned a daycare, but was accused of abuse. After eleven years in prison for a crime she did not commit, she has written a book entitled, “It Happened to Audrey; It Could Happen to You.”
Another example I wish to highlight is of a couple from Virginia who took their daughter to the hospital where doctors discovered rib fractures. The father was arrested on charges of child abuse and the daughter was immediately placed into foster care. Seven months passed before the mother could get a court order to have their daughter tested for a medical condition she had. The baby girl tested positive for osteogenesis imperfecta, a condition with symptoms of multiple bone fractures. Despite this new diagnosis, the accusing doctors did not change their accusation. Seventeen months after being removed from their care, their daughter was returned home. In 2004, the Virginia Court of Appeals made a landmark ruling on an abuse case, overturning the conviction and declaring that the Department of Social Services had been in error. What might have been most surprising was his going on record to apologize on behalf of the government to this innocent man for what it had put him through. [10]
As a paralegal, we learn that we have a duty to “maintain integrity and a high degree of competency through education…and through continuing education insubstantive areas of law…” [11] Just like anyone in a specialized field, we can become cynical and jaded toward our firm’s clients, especially those accused of heinous crimes like those against an innocent child. We cannot let emotion overrule our duty because it just might be that they really are telling us the truth, it was an accident and he dropped her. It is our duty to suspend judgment and bias because if the CDC’s estimates are anywhere close to accurate, then the chances of a friend or neighbor risking these accusations are high. Maybe you already know someone who has had this happen to them. Maybe you always suspected they might have been innocent. If I can help one family not lose themselves, then losing my daughter wasn’t for nothing. If I can encourage doctors to employ evidence-based medicine principals before accusing another person of child abuse, then I will know that my daughter did not die for nothing.
_____
REFERENCES:
[1] http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/pdf/sbs_media_guide_508_optimized-a.pdf
[2] Szalavitz, M. (2012) The Shaky Science ofShaken Baby Syndrome. Time. Retrieved fromhttp://healthland.time.com/2012/01/17/the-shaky-science-of-shaken-baby-syndrome/?xid=gonewsedit
[3] Bazelon, E. (2011) Has a Flawed DiagnosisPut Innocent People in Prison? A Re-examination of Shaken Baby Syndrome. TheNew York Times Magazine. Available fromhttp://www.theamandatruthproject.com/NYT.Magazine_Brazelon_(2011.Feb.6)_Has.a.Flawed.Diagnosis.Put.Innocent.People.in.Prison.pdf
[4]Thompson, A.C. et al. (2012) The Child Cases:Guilty Until Proven Innocent. NPR. Retrieved fromhttp://www.npr.org/2011/06/28/137454415/the-child-cases-guilty-until-proven-innocent
[5] Shapiro, J. (2011) Rethinking Shaken BabySyndrome. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/2011/06/29/137471992/rethinking-shaken-baby-syndrome
[6] Finney, M. (2012) Injuries Still Occur AfterBumbo Baby Seat Recall. Retrieved fromhttp://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/7_on_your_side&id=8538195
[7] CDC (n.d.) Concussion. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/concussion/pdf/NFL_Player_Poster-a.pdf
[8] Uscinski, R. (2004) The Shaken BabySyndrome. J. of Am. Phys. and Surgeons Vol 9 #3 Retrieved fromhttp://www.jpands.org/vol9no3/uscinski.pdf
[9] Christian, C. et al. (2009) Abusive HeadTrauma in Infants. Retrieved fromhttp://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/123/5/1409.short
[10] Shannon, S. (2007) A Parent’s WorstNightmare. Reader’s Digest. Retrieved from http://www.rd.com/advice/parenting/parents-wrongly-accused-of-child-abuse/4/
[11] NALA (2012) Code of Ethics and ProfessionalResponsibility. Retrieved from http://www.nala.org/code.aspx
_____
Tonya Sadowsky lives in Cleveland, Ohio and is Founder and Executive Director of “The Amanda Truth Project”, an organization that advocates for families who have been falsely accused of Shaken Baby Syndrome. In addition to her advocacy and conference speaking engagements, Ms. Sadowsky authored and manages The Amanda Truth Project website, which is named after her own daughter who died in 2007. The Project is intended to educate the public and medical professionals about the potential for a misdiagnosis of child abuse by promoting evidence-based medicine practices before issuing a medical opinion of child abuse. The Project also provides emotional support to families and coordinates expert information-sharing with their defense counsel when wrongly accused.
Tonya can be reached through her website at http://www.theamandatruthproject.com/
After reading this article, what are your thoughts, TPS readers? We know this is a controversial topic and we’d love to hear from you!
The Paralegal Society™ 
A great article of truth..fighting our own battle for justice also.. will spread the word and keep fighting until the truth is known for all those in this sad situation !
Thank you, Kathleen. I intend to do just that.
OMG! Brilliant. It’s amazing someone could be so balanced and objective in writing about something that close to home, after suffering that kind of devastation and loss first hand. If an article like this, extremely well documented also, it appears, doesn’t open a mountain of minds and change one’s perspective, I can’t imagine what would.
Thank you, T.F., for your kind words in praise. I worked hard on this to ensure that it wasn’t just opinion, but supported by facts to make it as objective as I can be in my obviously biased experience. I do hope this opens a few eyes to the possibilities.
Great article! Hope you will continue to write more informative articles so others may learn. So many believe the headlines and hype. Very few will think about it after the headlines go away. As your life goes on and my families go on, the headlines remain in our minds on a daily basis. Wishing the public would know a little more of the facts around Shaken Baby Syndrome.
Thank you, Cindy. I hope to have the opportunity to write more often and give voice to other cases I’ve had brief connections with who might otherwise not get a voice of their own. Your support will surely go toward allowing me those opportunities in the future.
Well said and so true,
This Mom somehow is able to calmly state truths that are tearing apart families all over the country. I for one, am outraged. As a Guardian ad Litem for in the Children Protection System, I see abused and neglected children every day, and like it or not there tend to be commonalities among parents who are hurting their kids. I have NEVER seen a loving, intelligent, self sacrificing parent accused of abuse except in these kinds of cases. Why is that?
it is a CRIME that, child protection agencies, doctors and legal professionals in their haste to “protect” children don’t hesitate to rip them from their parents with nothing more than a term (SBS) coined years ago as justification. Children have injuries, they CAN oftentimes be explained through proper medical investigation and to ignore those medical professionals who are SHOUTING about this is another travesty of justice.These parents who are being accused of severe damage and even death, who is doing a social study on these families to determine if there is ANY OTHER evidence that these people are harmful to children? CPS is supposed to do that, do they? Rarely and when they do, they minimize that information, opting to cover themselves by arrogantly stating they are protecting the child as they remove it from it’s family ‘just in case”.
There is no question child abuse happens and sometimes the cases are beyond horrifying, but in the overwhelming majority of those cases there is plenty of additional information that comes to light about the parties involved that supports the determination of child abuse. in the absence of those additional indicators, the presence of injuries is not enough to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that purposeful abuse has taken place, In many of these cases now being heard around the country there is in fact, ample evidence coming to light that shows that there are multiple medical explanations for injuries that have been so routinely cataloged as SBS or something similar. Vitamin D deficiency, rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta to name just a few. We all know medical science is making new discoveries daily and thankfully there are a few brave and committed medical professionals listening to the cries of the brokenhearted parents being torn from their children speaking out, testifying, educating.
Hopefully all these voices will be heard LOUD and CLEAR by the people who have the power, the judges, CPS workers and the medical professionals who make these hasty diagnoses’ SOON – every day, every moment for each of these families is a lifetime lost, it’s wrong and needs to stop NOW!
Thank you, Kim. I agree that child abuse does happen and unfortunately all too often I imagine. I would think this makes it even more important to ensure that the investigations are done properly and well enough to ascertain when children need to be removed or when they should be returned. And should they be allowed to be returned, return them immediately not after two years or longer, which is how it seems to happen in all the cases I’ve become familiar with throughout the U.S. and Canada. It wasn’t a “mistake” if there was cause to believe for a moment that the child was in danger, but it becomes a mistake when the agency continues to hold that child or those children because they don’t want egg on its face. It’s great to see such an active supporter supporting me. Thank you again.
Let the truth (Amanda’s) be known. This article did exactly that. This mom has been fighting this case since day one and has no thought but to get information out to others whom might be in the same scenario.
In today’s society it is to automatically put the blame on the family, without any proper “checklist” at hospitals or follow through with families – ie..this child had a birthmark on her head that they said was a bruise.
Sometimes in smaller cities the police also get “the head rush” of being the first on the scene and being seen on TV. Sad, but true.
I praise Tonya for the excellent work she has done, and I hope she will be able to get more information out to others. There are too many people being accused of this scenariao,but at least they have a site to go to now and have guideline to follow from this tragic event.
Please continue to tell us more, Tonya.
Excellent Blog
Thank you Ginnrod, I appreciate your kind support. The only checklist that hospitals have is if there is suspicion of child abuse, reports go out and the doctors’ work is finished. They have no legal need to go back and change a diagnosis. And as you say, with my daughter’s case the bruise up to 3 days old was indeed and always will be an innocent birthmark that had been on her shoulder for months before that diagnosis with plenty of witnesses to that fact. It’s just as you say, I believe, that investigative authorites allow emotion and adrenaline get in the way of an objective analysis. You can still be interviewed by the evening news for realizing a case is not abuse and saying so because you might just be the first to ever do that!
I do believe with the continuation of your work that you will be able to help others. Why do so many lives have to be ruined when situations like this happen, why can’t there be checklists at the hospitals? Every situation at a hospital has to be evaluated properly, every person has to be their own advocate…..and when the adrenaline is pulsing through your body with your loved one in your site, there is the need for objective analysis.
I said above that every person needs to be their own advocate, and I believe in that, as I get older and have extended stays in hospitals for unanswered illnesses, I keep a daily journal of each test and what each physcian says. How do people in the circumstances you had remember everything in the events that took place? THERE HAS TO BE SOME KIND OF CHECKLIST AND BETTER FOLLOW UP IN THESE CASES.
BLESS YOU AND YOUR HUSBAND. AND MAY THE TRUTH BE TOLD!
PLEASE KEEP WRITING……
Unfortunately this scenario does relate to my family, the more unfortunate thing is that until it happened to us we were not aware such miscarriages of justice occurred. Education is key in correcting not only the diagnoses but also the wrongful convictions. Thank you for all your research and continued education for the public
Candice, I hope your family finds a way to overcome the miscarriage that happened to your family member. I agree that education is important, if only so that the next family might not find itself enmired in this legal nightmare.
Excellent summary of what is wrong with the theory-based diagnosis and convictions surrounding shaken baby or blunt force trauma. It’s sad to hear a personal story of someone who has had to deal with not only losing their child but also to be accused and to find her spouse convicted. It’s even sadder to know just about every day, if not every day, someone else is put in the same position as the author. Our society has accepted a diagnosis based theory as an automatic guilt on the care giver without any consideration of medical conditions underlying or something as what is perceived as a trivial fall. Doctors, police and the entire judicial system have defaulted to an automatic guilt without due diligence in ensuring the child did not have an underlying medical condition that caused the events or caused an ordinary fall to become deadly. Perhaps if doctors did keep an open mind and exhausted all possibilities, some of these children might survive versus being treated for a wrong diagnosis while ruining and losing lives.
Hi Judy. Thank you for your support of my article. It sounds as if you also have experience with this type of situation. I hope that someday my writing and advocacy will help all the other advocates out there to ensure that doctors will do the differential testing necessary to discover why certain injuries are present, rather than make a blanket diagnosis by virtue of their very existence alone.
Thank you Tonya. So many of us are going through such crappy situations. It feels like we’ll never get out of it, but there are bright days where we are making great steps forward. There are so many flaws with the idea of SBS yet it’s still being used to harm families. In our case there were no criminal charges, yet we still don’t have our son back. The system is still flawed, and rather than following due process, the judge makes a decision based on emotions and not facts. It SHOULDN’T be our jobs to prove our innocence. We (as a group) aren’t guilty, yet we’re constantly being ripped at by maniacal doctors. In our case the doctor has set up his scheme, having first been a lawyer, he wrote an article about how bruising doesn’t show up in bone breaks in 50% of the cases he saw, yet says he’s never seen rickets. EVERY pediatrician we spoke to said that they’ve almost NEVER seen a break without associated bruising. All these child abuse doctors have to say is that they think it’s abuse and they’re free. They don’t even have to prove their diagnosis. It’s sickening. Thank you for being so forward.
Daniel, thank you for your support. I agree, it really shouldn’t be our jobs because the prosecution has the burden of proof. Yet anyone who has experience with these cases realize that as soon as the doctors diagnose Shaken Baby Syndrome, it becomes our burden to figure out what REALLY happened since no one else will (or then has the encouragement to want to know another reason if it’d destroy the case they worked so hard to put against us). I’d love to have some sort of citation to use that quote another time, if you could contact me here or elsewhere with the pediatrician who said breaks are almost never seen without bruising. Prosecution witnesses use statistics against us and that’d be an amazing one to bring up if in so many cases of alleged traumatic rib fractures there are never any signs of bruising associated, indicating they might not have been traumatic after all.
Good article, well researched and thought out. I’ve posted the link from the PaPa InBC Facebook page.
It is an incredibly nasty situation to be on the opposing side of an accusation that has been decided as “guilty” first, and tactics used by tax-paid agencies under financial pressure to “wrap things up” quickly and they set about securing a superior position in order to win, and this becomes more important than collecting proper evidence (which can often be a time consuming and expensive task.)
Parents and citizens are outgunned, and they are the casualties and pay the price in years, dollars, lost opportunities, broken families and more. Legal remedies are the only way out of these deep holes, but they are exceedingly slow and expensive.
Thank you for sharing this link, PaPa InBC! I appreciate the show of support and the efforts to continue to educate the general public. You are right; the costs associated with legal remedies are too high for many families to bear.
I’m so sorry for your loss. I can’t imagine the pain of dealing with the police and accusations and your husband’s arrest when you just need to mourn your daughters death.
We were in a similar situation but fortunately our son is doing well. My husband and I were accused of abusive head trauma even though there were no external signs of injury. I read everything I could and finally found that his symptoms indicated a platelet disorder and when he was tested for it, he indeed had it. The doctor only tested for common bleeding disorders, so if your child has a disorder not found by those tests, the diagnosis will be abuse. Obviously the logic in diagnosing SBS is flawed and needs to be fixed. Babies can be injured, severely, by shaking, but the criteria currently used has way too many false positives that rip families apart and cause pain and suffering for them as well as their extended families and friends.
Hi Kristen, I’m glad to hear your son is well. Sorry to hear you went through this, too. I’m surprised your son’s attending doctors even tested for the common bleeding disorders. My daughter’s did none of that. I’m so glad to have your support here. Thank you.
Thank you, Paralegal Society, for running this touching yet sensible piece from a parent who’s been there.
Difficult as it is to believe if you haven’t seen it personally, sincere child-abuse experts trained with a flawed model of shaken baby syndrome have been over-diagnosing abuse for decades, compounding the tragedy for families with an ill or accidentally injured child. Not only paralegals but also nurses and social service professionals are in a position to do a lot of good while this horrific medico-legal tangle sorts itself out.
For the story of a family torn apart when their son’s genetic disorder was misdiagnosed as shaking, please see http://onsbs.com/prologue/
I wholeheartedly agree with and support Tonya here! I think she deserves our support, as it could happen to any of us. God bless her for working so hard to help others and raise awareness….
Thank you, Sarah. I really hope that raising awareness will help other families know what to do ahead of time.
Excellent article Tonya. The public needs to know that doctors do not have all the answers; they are not infallible. An expert in any field is only as good as their experience, their education, and their knowledge and understanding of on-going non-bias studies and information. There are discoveries and new information every day as methods and treatments evolve. From antiquity to the late 19th century, patients were bled to health; it was the most common medical practice of that time. It was finally established that it was not effective, but most harmful patients. What of the lobotomy? It has been controversial since its inception in 1935; it was a mainstream procedure for more than two decades. Egas Moniz was actually awarded “The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine” of 1949 for his discovery of the therapeutic value, this despite general recognition of frequent and serious side-effects. As noted above, there are numerous obsolete medical theories and procedures in our history. I am not saying that child abuse does not occur, on the contrary it does and it needs to be addressed and stopped. However, there are many underlying medical conditions that can cause the so called triad of Shaken Baby Syndrome. Advocates, such as me, are pleading that the medical community educate themselves and render an unbiased theory of those possible conditions instead of swiftly and wrongly accusing the care givers of a child. The concept of SBS was initially described in the early 1970s, based on a theory by Dr. John Caffey. It is 2011 and it is time to take a real medical/scientific look at this 40+ year old theory and bury it along with bleeding patients to health and the lobotomy! One man’s obsolete THEORY based on the medicine of 1970 is not absolute; it does not make medical sense in our 21st Century. It just demonstrates unrealistic assumptions.
Hi Everyone
I have to admit I have studied this case in some detail and hence the fact that justice still needs to be done means INJUSTICE prevails.
I also know some of the commentators, so it tells me that there are few people with our view that medical knowledge is at times not just backward but protective to the point it is prepared to harm little children and then use their prejudice to incarcerate and destroy the family, so that they have no energy left to attack the medical base and the damage being caused.
One story effectively OBLITERATED from medical students knowledge is Pink Disease which went unrecognised for about one hundred years and unsolved for one hundred and fifty years. It turned out to be caused by MERCURY and the numbers dead and ill from this medical marvel will never be known but it slowly killed day by day little babies while doctors might even prescribe more of the mercury to “save” the babies life. Mercury is a known NEUROTOXIN. And how much is needed? There is NO LOWER LIMIT for danger. You HAVE to avoid any AVOIDABLE contact with this stuff.
I have to say things have changed today 50 years on. They have got worse!
Mass medication is now commonplace but described maybe as a food and flavour additive. Have a look at Michael J Fox promoting diet pepsi in the 1980’s and then try to work out why his addiction of this famous drink resulted in his medical diagnosis at 29 years of age.
The clue is NEUROTOXINS.
The very thing that KILLS and makes ILL millions of little babies in America and Europe today.
What goes around comes around and for Michael A Fox (his real name) the medical brotherhood and PEPSI made a monkey out of him.
If you can destroy a virile and healthy young man, I will leave those with brains left to work out the potential for harm for babies in the womb (loss rate one child in seven!) and for the growing infant (loss rate of the same order).
Is it little wonder a bit of BLAME CHANGING is in order for the MEDICAL MAFIA?
Children are not the only people to suffer. As we see above even the very, very wealthy get trapped by dangerous food additives, called “SAFE”.
And for myself; I belong in that class of genetically susceptible humans that have a 25 000 chances in 100 000 of obtaining Alzheimer Disease. And that chance repeats itself EVERY YEAR. And we still DO NOTHING, except praise the medical experts that have brought htis PLAGUE upon us and BUILD them even bigger and more magnificent edifices (hospitals) to house all their EXPERIMENTS in.
So before I FORGET:
LET’s all work to :
DESTROY THE MEDICAL MAFIA.
Tonya, first, I am so sorry for your loss. I can only imagine how difficult it must have been and still is in many ways. Also, for your husband. My condolences to you both. Very interesting and certainly well written and researched article. I look forward to your next article.
Pingback: Atlanta Paralegal | Paralegal Certification
Your blog brought tears to my eyes. Innocent caregivers are still being wrongly accused today. My brother’s life has been shattered due to this… he has been incarcerated at the Harris County Jail in Houston, Texas since the day of his daughter’s memorial services. Now he fights for his life and freedom as they charge him with Capital Murder. http://www.shawnmayreis.org
I pray that others like yourself continue to share your stories… my brother lost his daughter and may lose his own life. You are in my prayers.
Julie Johnson
Calise killed that precious little baby in Canton ohio